How Does Wireless Internet Work?

Advantages of wireless internet
Wireless internet has many advantages for both the business as well as residential users. Wireless internet provides excellent broadband speeds. Today speeds of over 2 Mbps for commercial use (megabytes per second) are attained using wireless internet.

Previously speeds of up to 1 Mbps were acceptable for wireless internet, but with service providers providing speeds of 8 Kbps and above to business and residential customers through cables (fiber optic), expectations through wireless internet too are running high. This could mean just one thing -speeds through wireless internet will sooner or later catch up with speeds offered through fiber optic cables.

Wireless internet is more reliable as compared to internet via cable or satellite. Initial costs to the service provider too are reduced as they do not have to lay out expensive cables or pay highly for satellite transmission. All that is required is the setting up of internet towers (very similar to mobile towers). The user will be connected to the internet as long as his laptop / device receives a signal from the nearest tower (again, very similar to using a mobile phone).

Comparisons between the workings of a mobile network and wireless internet network can be made to some extent, but the working of a wireless internet network is much more complex in nature. So, how does the wireless internet work?

How WiMax works
We can single out the WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) technology that is widely used for setting up wireless internet. High speeds can be achieved over a wireless network using this technology. Based on the IEEE 802.16 communications standard, this technology if fast replacing cumbersome cable and expensive satellite networks.

The WiMax network consists of base stations (similar to mobile towers) set up by the service provider, and a receiving antenna (similar to a mobile phone antenna) at the user end. The user pays the service provider for wireless internet access, just as they would for a normal internet connection via a cable network. The service provider provides the end user with the software, a login and a password. Most of the laptop manufacturers today equip high-end models with a built in antenna bundled with the required software for the unit to be WiMax compatible. The service provider beams the internet signals from the base station. The antenna at the user end catch the signals, providing uninterrupted internet as long as the signal is available. With a laptop equipped with an antenna you could be connected to the internet wherever the signal is available from the base station. As with mobile phones that catch a signal from the nearest tower of the particular service provider, so is it with new generation WiMax services. One WiMax base station can send signals over distances of several miles depending on the terrain. The more flat the terrain, more the coverage. Once you move from one base station area to another, your laptop receiver will hook up to the other base station (of the same service provider) with a stronger signal. As WiMax service providers spread out their operations, everyone will be connected to really high-speed internet 24X7 wherever they are.

Other common uses of wireless internet
Wireless internet is not limited to WiMax. Most of us have used some sort of wireless internet some time or the other. GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is one such example. When a mobile user subscribed to the GPRS service, the receiving mobile unit could receive voice as well as data signals. In simple terms, the mobile phone could be used as a phone for voice calls and also as a modem to connect to the computer to surf the internet. The only limiting factor here was the speed which was very slow. This technology was gradually replaced by the EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) technology. EDGE was an enhancement over GPRS, able to provide more capacity for voice traffic and at the same time have high-speed data transfer capabilities.

EDGE technology has recently been replaced by the 3G (Third Generation) technology. Speeds of over 2Mbps are attained using 3G technology. These speeds will keep on increasing with advancing technology. 4G (Forth Generation) will be the next main change in this domain. 4G research is being carried out, but no frequencies have yet been allocated for this technology. Estimates are that 4G will be implemented around 2010-2012, but with the speed at which technology is advancing, it could happen earlier.

Conclusion
Mobile phones have passed the stage where they were used to just make and receive calls. Today one can buy mobile phones that do almost everything that your personal computer or laptop can. Operating systems can be loaded onto mobiles, virtually making them one instrument for all your phone and computing needs. This is where wireless internet will play a major role in the future. It will connect you 24X7 with virtually no breakdowns.

Cables will still be used for the internet till the time wireless internet can match data transfer speeds of cables. Once this happens, technologies such as WiMax and 3G will help in making this world a 24X7 connected, wire-free world.

A gang using easily available software break into a WEP protected wireless network and find out what a surfer has been up to as well as having access to his computer and his internet connection.
Video Rating: 4 / 5

How to Make Better Use of the Wireless Stereo Headphones

Wireless Stereo Headphones online and off rock. Quality is the most important and impressive point that you must consider while looking for sound for your devices. When it comes to wireless stereo headphones, ensure that the wireless stereo headphone is there when you need it. Also, you should make sure that a great amount of good quality sound is delivered to you. Thus, the quality and position of the wireless stereo headphones speakers are very important and must be kept in mind while purchasing.

You would always want the accessibility of the wireless stereo headphones system to be good, as and when you want it. You must also have home theatre wireless stereo headphones at your disposal. You must have the wireless stereo headphones speaker systems ready whenever you need them. Thus, be sure that the set up is right and that they are in perfect condition and are not broken.

You could check out and use various brands to see what you like. Some of the brands that you might want to try out are Panasonic wireless stereo headphones, Bose wireless stereo headphones and the other different types such as the wireless stereo headphones speaker like the Sony wireless stereo headphones.

You must also make sure that that the right components are in place so that components like the JVC wireless stereo headphones will work for you. You must make sure that the wireless stereo headphones technology is in working order that is good in your wireless stereo headphones speaker system. Making sure that the Sony wireless stereo headphones speaker is working well with the other brands is important. Advent wireless stereo headphones must be considered. Also, you could research on the 900 MHz wireless stereo headphones which you can use as wireless TV stereo headphones.

The Wireless stereo headphone is something that you would be hearing to. Thus, you would obviously want it to be of good quality, having balanced sound and it definitely must be set right. Also, you would not want to turn up the sound too high on your wireless stereo headphones speakers as this could cause damage to your hearing. It is important for you to ensure that the wireless stereo headphones are hooked up in the right way. This is so that you are get the most of what you are using it for and get great sound. You would obviously want to hear everything and not miss out but not too loud. Hence, make sure that the Wireless stereo headphones are set right with the appropriate balance. This will deliver you the best results possible.

Cordless headphones work on a short distance signal. These receive the sound from the signal that is the sending unit to the headset. Marvelous signal and sound can be enjoyed on staying in and within the range of the signal. The farther you move from the unit sending out the signal, the less clear the quality of the sound is. The sound might start breaking up a little as you move further away.

Wireless Stereo Headphones – get yours at Ebay or at local tech stores today.

This demo demostrates how to light the LED in a water tank. Yes … wireless electricity penetrate all surfaces to charge your energy hungry portable devices.
Video Rating: 4 / 5

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Proposed Planning of Wireless Power Transmission Demonstration

I. INTRODUCTION

In our present electricity generation system we waste more than half of its resources. Especially the transmission and distribution losses are the main concern of the present power technology. Much of this power is wasted during transmission from power plant generators to the consumer. The resistance of the wire used in the electrical grid distribution system causes a loss of 26-30% of the energy generated. This loss implies that our present system of electrical distribution is only 70-74% efficient. We have to think of alternate state – of – art technology to transmit and distribute the electricity. Now- a- days global scenario has been changed a lot and there are tremendous development in every field. If we don’t keep pace with the development of new power technology we have to face a decreasing trend in the development of power sector. The transmission of power without wires may be one noble alternative for electricity transmission.

William C. Brown, the leading authority on wireless power transmission technology, has loaned this demonstration unit to the Texas Space Grant Consortium to show how power can be transferred through free space by microwaves. A block diagram of the demonstration components is shown below. The primary components include a microwave source, a transmitting antenna, and a receiving rectenna.

Fig.1 Block of wireless power transmission

The microwave source consists of a microwave oven magnetron with electronics to control the output power. The output microwave power ranges from 50 W to 200 W at 2.45 GHz. A coaxial cable connects the output of the microwave source to a coax-to-waveguide adapter. This adapter is connected to a waveguide ferrite circulator which protects the microwave source from reflected power. The circulator is connected to a tuning waveguide section to match the waveguide impedance to the antenna input impedance.

The slotted waveguide antenna consists of 8 waveguide sections with 8 slots on each section. These 64 slots radiate the power uniformly through free space to the rectenna. The slotted waveguide antenna is ideal for power transmission because of its high aperture efficiency (> 95%) and high power handling capability.

A rectifying antenna called a rectenna receives the transmitted power and converts the microwave power to direct current (DC) power. This demonstration rectenna consists of 6 rows of dipoles antennas where 8 dipoles belong to each row. Each row is connected to a rectifying circuit which consists of low pass filters and a rectifier. The rectifier is a GaAs Schottky barrier diode that is impedance matched to the dipoles by a low pass filter. The 6 rectifying diodes are connected to light bulbs for indicating that the power is received. The light bulbs also dissipated the received power. This rectenna has a 25% collection and conversion efficiency, but rectennas have been tested with greater than 90% efficiency at 2.45 GHz.

II. THE TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE

In this remarkable discovery of the “True Wireless” and the principles upon which transmission and reception, even in the present day systems, are based, Dr. Nikola Tesla shows us that he is indeed the “Father of the Wireless.” The most wellknown and famous Wardenclyffe Tower (Tesla Tower) was designed and constructed mainly for wireless transmission of electrical power, rather than telegraphy [1]. The most popular concept known is Tesla Theory in which it was firmly believed that Wardenclyffe (Fig.2) would permit wireless transmission and reception across large distances with negligible losses [2]. In spite of this he had made numerous experiments of high quality to validate his claim of possibility of wireless transmission of electricity (Fig.3). But this was an unfortunate incidence that people of that century was not in a position to recognize his splendid work otherwise today we may transmit electricity wirelessly and will convert our mother earth a wonderful adobe full of electricity.

Fig.2. The 187-foot Wardenclyffe Tower (Tesla Tower)

The modern ideas are dominated by microwave power transmission (MPT, Figure 3) called Solar power satellite to be built in high earth orbit to collect sunlight and convert that energy into microwaves, then beamed to a very large antenna on earth, the microwaves would be converted into conventional electrical power.

Fig.3. The basis for Tesla’s system for the wireless transmission of electrical

power[3].

III. MERITS, DEMERITS & ECONOMICS OF

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

3.1 Merits

An electrical distribution system, based on this method would eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations. The system would reduce the cost of electrical energy used by the consumer and rid the landscape of wires, cables, and transmission towers.

There are areas of the world where the need for electrical power exists, yet there is no method for delivering power. Africa is in need of power to run pumps to tap into the vast resources of water under the Sahara Desert. Rural areas, such as those in China, require the electrical power necessary to bring them into the 20th century and to equal standing with western nations. The wireless transmission will solve many of these problems The electrical energy can be economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance, so there will be no transmission and distribution loss. More efficient energy distribution systems and sources are needed by both developed and under developed nations. In regards to the new systems, the market for wireless power transmission is enormous. It has the potential to become a multi-billion dollar per year market.

The increasing demand for electrical energy in industrial nations is well documented. If we include the demand of third world nations, pushed by their increasing rate of growth, we could expect an even Faster rise in the demand for electrical power in the near future. These systems can only meet these requirements with 90–94 %efficient transmission [3, 8].

High Transmission Integrity and Low Loss: – To transmit

wireless power to any distance without limit. It makes no difference what the distance is. The efficiency of the transmission can be as high as 96 or 97 per cent, and there are

practically no losses.

 

3.2. Demerits

 

Biological Impact: – One common criticism of the Tesla wireless power system is regarding its possible biological effects. Calculating the circulating reactive power, it was found that the frequency is very small and such a frequency is very biologically compatible [3, 8].

 

3.3.Economic Impact

 

The concept looks to be costly initially. The investment cost of Tesla Tower was 0,000 (1905). In terms of economic theory, many countries will benefit from this service. Only private, dispersed receiving stations will be needed. Just like television and radio, a single resonant energy receiver is required, which may eventually be built into appliances, so no power cord will be necessary! Monthly electric utility bills from old-fashioned, fossil-fuelled, lossprone electrified wire-grid delivery services will be optional, much like “cable TV” of today. In the 21st century, “Direct TV” is the rage, which is an exact parallel of Tesla’s “Direct Electricity.”

IV. ADDITIONAL REMARKS

Many concepts, research papers, patents are available on wireless transmission of electricity but most research work were carried out in isolation, so it needs a joint collaborative efforts to get a very useful results on this advanced technology on power transmission for the benefit of mankind globally in future. Whatever the future may bring, the universal application of these great principles is fully assured, though it may be long in coming. With the opening of the first power plant, incredulity will give way to wonderment, and this to ingratitude, as ever before.

The world is still not able to achieve the benefit of the God gifted potential of Dr N.Tesla. People neglected him and his good work. He deserved much better treatment from the tycoons of his age, than to spend the last 40 years of his life in abject poverty. However, he was too much of a gentleman to hold a grudge. Instead, regarding the magnifying transmitter, Tesla wrote in his autobiography, “I am unwilling to accord to some small-minded and jealous individuals the satisfaction of having thwarted my efforts. These men are to me nothing more than microbes of a nasty disease. My project was retarded by laws of nature. The world was not prepared for it. It was too far ahead of time. But the same laws will prevail in the end and make it a triumphal success.” [3, 8-9]. If this has had not been happened, then today we will be in a wonder world of plenty of power using the technology of wireless transmission of electricity.

V. CONCLUSION

The transmission of power without wires is not a theory or a mere possibility, it is now a reality. The electrical energy can be economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance. Many researchers have established in numerous observations, experiments and measurements, qualitative and quantitative. Dr.N.Tesla is the pioneer of this invention. Wireless transmission of electricity have tremendous merits like high transmission integrity and Low Loss (90 – 97 % efficient) and can be transmitted to any where in the globe and eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations. The system would reduce the cost of electrical energy used by the consumer and get rid of the landscape of wires, cables, and transmission towers. It has negligible demerits like reactive power which was found insignificant and biologically compatible.

REFERENCES

[1] Nikola Tesla, “The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires as a Means for Furthering Peace,” Electrical World and Engineer. Jan. 7, p. 21, 1905.

[2] Nikola Tesla, My Inventions, Ben Johnston, Ed., Austin, Hart Brothers, p. 91,1982.

[3] Thomas F. Valone, “ Tesla’s Wireless Energy… For the 21st Century!!! One Step Beyond Direct TV!!!” Extra Ordinary Technology, 1, no. 4, Oct / Nov / Dec 2003.

[4] James O. McSpadden, “ Wireless Power Transmission Demonstration”, Texas A&M University, June, 1997.

[5] Thomas W. Benson , “ Wireless transmission of power now possible”, News Letter, pp1118 – 9, March , 1920.

[6] Charych Arthur (Setauket, NY), “ System and method for wireless electrical power transmission”, Patent No. 6,798,716, September 28, 2004.

[7] Joe T. Howell, et. al , “Advanced receiver / converter experiments for laser wireless power transmission”5th. Wireless transmission conference, pp 1-8, Garanda, Spain,2004.

[8] Nikola Tesla, “ The true wireless”, Electrical Experiments ,May, 1919.

[9] Toby Grotz,” Wireless transmission of power”, Courtesy of the Tesla BBS at 719 486-2775, August 28, 1990.

Setting Up your Own Wireless Network

Setting up a wireless network to share Internet access, printers, files and more, can be very convenient and cost-effective. Setting up one in your own home or office is even better as you can surf the web anywhere most comfortable for you. Plus, all you need is a router and it’s easier to install than people perceive it to be.

Windows XP Service Pack 2 is not really needed for wireless networking, but it provides the easiest method for networking. It also helps protect against hackers, trojans, worms, and other potential Internet intruders. Here are the four steps in creating your own wireless network:

1. Shop for your wireless equipment.

Of course, wireless networking presupposes the fact that you have a computer system that has wireless network adapter or a built-in networking support hardware and a broadband Internet connection. The main component to shop for is the wireless router, which is the hardware responsible for converting the signals coming from your Internet connection into some form of a wireless broadcast. The network adapter allows the computer to wirelessly connect to the router. (Note: Make sure that you get a wireless router, and not an access point.)

2. Connect the wireless router.

First, you need to locate your cable or DSL modem and unplug it. Next, you must connect your wireless router to your modem (modem must be stay directly connected to the Internet). Do this by plugging one end of a network cable into the modem and plug the other end to the Internet, WAN or WLAN port on the router. After hooking everything up, the computer will automatically connect wirelessly to the router, and the router will consequently send information through your modem to the Internet.

3. Configure the wireless router.

Using another network cable, temporarily connect your computer (through the network adapter) to one of the open network ports on your router (make sure the port is not labelled Internet, WAN or WLAN). When turned on, your computer will automatically connect to the router. Afterwards, open the Internet Explorer on your computer and type in the address in order to configure the router. The address (and password in some cases) varies depending on the brand of your router, so you would need to refer to the instruction manual.

When you reach the router’s configuration page, you would need to configure the following:

- The wireless network name (SSID). This identifies your network so try to choose something unique.

- The Wireless Encryption (WEP)/Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA). These two help protect your wireless network through a passphrase that you will provide. You can make the passphrase unique and long, you don’t need to remember it.

- The administrative password. This password controls your wireless network, so choose one that is unique and you will not forget as this is needed to make changes in your router settings.

After filling these up, be sure that you click Save Settings, Apply, or OK to save the information. Afterwards, you may now disconnect the network cable from the computer.

4. Finally, connect your computers.

This method requires Service Pack 2, so if you don’t have it yet, plug your computer into the router and download and install SP2. If your computer runs on a Windows XP SP2, it should directly notify you that a wireless network has been detected. To connect to the wireless network, follow these steps:

- Right click this wireless network icon found in the lower right corner of the screen then click on View Available Wireless Networks.

- The Wireless Network Connection should appear shortly and you should see the network name you specified previously. If you don’t see it, click Refresh network list at the upper left corner of the window. Once you see the name, click on the Connect button on the lower-right.

- You will then be prompted for the password you entered earlier in the Network key and Confirm network key boxes. Type in this key and click on Connect.

- Windows XP will then show connects the computer to your network and you will be connected shortly.

A Note for Computer Newbies

If you are a computer novice, it is best to purchase an ADSL modem with a built-in wireless router to make wireless networking easier and straightforward.

For integrated ADSL modem-wireless router system, network connection can be done in two simple steps:

1. Connect. You first need to connect the Ethernet cable to the router to the PC, the phone cord from the phone socket to your router, and the power supply.

2. Configure. Once everything is connected, switch the unit on, type the IP address of the router into the web browser, select the connection type and enter the username provided by your Internet service provider.

Spring ’07 Senior Design Project A side project to the wireless ipod charger. The efficiency is pretty low but we needed to test our project first on an LED. We are planning on increasing the radius and see what the outcome will be. Range can be about 2 ft.
Video Rating: 4 / 5

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